Ihe eji arụ ọrụ dị elu - polyimide (1)

Polyimide, onye na-ahụ maka ihe niile na-emepụta ihe na polymer, kpalitere mmasị nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na China, ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ amalitelakwa ịmepụta - ihe onwunwe polyimide nke anyị.
I. Nchịkọta
Dị ka ihe injinịa pụrụ iche, a na-eji polyimide eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ụgbọ elu, ikuku ikuku, microelectronics, nanometer, kristal mmiri mmiri, akpụkpọ ahụ nkewa, laser na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.Na nso nso a, mba na-edepụta nyocha, mmepe na ojiji nkepolyimidedị ka otu n'ime plastik injinia na-ekwe nkwa na narị afọ nke 21st.Polyimide, n'ihi njirimara ya pụtara ìhè na arụmọrụ na njikọ ya, ma a na-eji ya dị ka ihe nhazi ma ọ bụ dị ka ihe eji arụ ọrụ, a chọpụtala nnukwu atụmanya ngwa ya nke ọma, a makwaara ya dị ka "ọkachamara na-edozi nsogbu" (protion solver). ), ma kwenye na "na-enweghị polyimide, a gaghị enwe teknụzụ microelectronics taa".

Nke abụọ, arụmọrụ nke polyimide
1. Dị ka nyocha thermogravimetric nke polyimide aromatic zuru oke, okpomọkụ nke ire ere ya na-adịkarị gburugburu 500 ° C.Polyimide arụpụtara site na biphenyl dianhydride na p-phenylenediamine nwere okpomoku ire ere nke 600 Celsius ma bụrụ otu n'ime polymer kwụsiri ike ruo ugbu a.
2. Polyimide nwere ike iguzogide oke okpomọkụ dị ala, dịka na helium mmiri mmiri na -269 ° C, ọ gaghị adị nro.
3. Polyimidenwere magburu onwe n'ibu Njirimara.Ike ike nke plastik a na-ejuputaghị karịrị 100Mpa, ihe nkiri (Kapton) nke homophenylene polyimide dị n'elu 170Mpa, na ụdị biphenyl polyimide (UpilexS) ruo 400Mpa.Dị ka plastik injinia, ọnụọgụ ihe nkiri na-agbanwe agbanwe na-abụkarị 3-4Gpa, eriri ahụ nwere ike iru 200Gpa.Dị ka usoro mgbako, eriri synthesized site phthalic anhydride na p-phenylenediamine nwere ike iru 500Gpa, nke abụọ naanị carbon fiber.
4. Ụfọdụ polyimide iche bụ insoluble na organic solvents na ike itughari acids.Generaldị iche iche anaghị eguzogide hydrolysis.Nke a dị ka adịghị ike na-eme ka polyimide dị iche na polymers ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ dị elu.Ihe e ji mara ya bụ na akụrụngwa dianhydride na diamine nwere ike nwetaghachi site na alkaline hydrolysis.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka ihe nkiri Kapton, ọnụego mgbake nwere ike iru 80%-90%.Ịgbanwe usoro ahụ nwekwara ike nweta ụdị dị iche iche na-eguzogide hydrolysis, dị ka iguzogide 120 Celsius C, awa 500 nke esi.
5. The thermal mmụba ọnụọgụ nke polyimide bụ 2 × 10-5－3 × 10-5℃, Guangcheng thermoplastic polyimide bụ 3 × 10-5 ℃, biphenyl ụdị nwere ike iru 10-6℃, onye iche nwere ike ruo 10- 7°C.
6. Polyimide nwere nnukwu nguzogide radieshon, na ihe nkiri ya nwere njigide ike nke 90% mgbe 5 × 109rad ngwa ngwa electron irradiation.
7. Polyimidenwere ezigbo dielectric Njirimara, na a dielectric mgbe niile banyere 3.4.Site na iwebata fluorine ma ọ bụ na-achụsasị ikuku nanometers na polyimide, enwere ike belata mgbe niile dielectric ruo ihe dịka 2.5.Ọnwụ dielectric bụ 10-3, ike dielectric bụ 100-300KV / mm, Guangcheng thermoplastic polyimide bụ 300KV / mm, nguzogide olu bụ 1017Ω / cm.Ngwongwo ndị a na-anọgide n'ogo dị elu karịa oke okpomọkụ na oke ugboro.
8. Polyimide bụ polymer na-ekpochapụ onwe ya nke nwere obere anwụrụ ọkụ.
9. Polyimide nwere nnọọ nta outgassing n'okpuru oké elu agụụ.
10. Polyimide adịghị egbu egbu, enwere ike iji ya mee tableware na ngwa ahụike, ma nwee ike iguzogide ọtụtụ puku disinfection.Ụfọdụ polyimides nwekwara ezigbo biocompatibility, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ha abụghị hemolytic na nyocha ndakọrịta ọbara na ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu na ule cytotoxicity in vitro.

3. Ọtụtụ ụzọ nke njikọ:
E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị na ụdị nke polyimide, na e nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ synthesize ya, n'ihi ya, ọ nwere ike họrọ dị iche iche ngwa nzube.Ụdị mgbanwe a na njikọ na-esikwara ike maka ndị polymer ndị ọzọ inwe.

1. PolyimideA na-emepụta nke ọma site na dibasic anhydrides na diamines.A na-ejikọta monomers abụọ a na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ heterocyclic polymers, dị ka polybenzimidazole, polybenzimidazole, polybenzothiazole, polyquinone Tụnyere monomers dị ka phenoline na polyquinoline, isi iyi nke akụrụngwa dị obosara, na njikọ ahụ dịkwa mfe.Enwere ọtụtụ dianhydrides na diamines, yana polyimides nwere ihe dị iche iche nwere ike nweta site na ngwakọta dị iche iche.
2. Polyimide nwere ike polycondensed na ala okpomọkụ site dianhydride na diamine na a polar mgbaze, dị ka DMF, DMAC, NMP ma ọ bụ THE / methanol agwakọta ihe mgbaze, nweta soluble polyamic acid, mgbe film e guzobere ma ọ bụ spinning Heating ka banyere 300 ° C maka. akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ na cyclization n'ime polyimide;acetic anhydride na tertiary amine catalysts nwekwara ike ịgbakwunye na polyamic acid maka mmiri mmiri mmiri na cyclization iji nweta ngwọta polyimide na ntụ ntụ.Diamine na dianhydride nwekwara ike ikpo ọkụ na polycondensed na ebe mgbaze dị elu, dị ka ihe mgbaze phenolic, iji nweta polyimide n'otu nzọụkwụ.Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike nweta polyimide site na mmeghachi omume nke dibasic acid ester na diamine;Enwere ike gbanwee ya site na polyamic acid gaa na polyisoimide na mbụ, wee ghọọ polyimide.Ụzọ ndị a niile na-eweta mma maka nhazi.A na-akpọ nke mbụ ụzọ PMR, nke nwere ike ịnweta viscosity dị ala, ngwọta siri ike dị elu, ma nwee windo na-agbaze viscosity dị ala n'oge nhazi, nke kachasị mma maka ịmepụta ihe ndị mejupụtara;nke ikpeazụ na-abawanye Iji meziwanye solubility, ọ dịghị ogige dị ala na-ahapụ n'oge usoro ntụgharị.
3. Ọ bụrụhaala na ịdị ọcha nke dianhydride (ma ọ bụ tetraacid) na diamine ruru eru, n'agbanyeghị usoro polycondensation a na-eji, ọ dị mfe ịnweta oke molekụla zuru oke, na ịdị arọ molecular nwere ike gbanwee ngwa ngwa site n'ịgbakwunye unit anhydride ma ọ bụ. unit amin.
4. Polycondensation nke dianhydride (ma ọ bụ tetraacid) na diamine, ọ bụrụhaala na oke molar ruru nha nha nha, ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ na oghere nwere ike ịbawanye ịdị arọ nke molekul nke prepolymer siri ike dị ala, si otú ahụ meziwanye nhazi na ntụ ntụ.Bịa nke ọma.
5. Ọ dị mfe ịmebata ìgwè ndị na-emeghachi omume na njedebe ma ọ bụ agbụ iji mepụta oligomers na-arụ ọrụ, si otú a na-enweta thermosetting polyimide.
6. Jiri otu carboxyl dị na polyimide mee ihe esterification ma ọ bụ nhazi nnu, ma webata ndị otu fotosensitivity ma ọ bụ otu alkyl ogologo ogologo iji nweta polymers amphiphilic, nke a pụrụ iji nweta photoresists ma ọ bụ jiri ya mee ihe na nkwadebe nke ihe nkiri LB.
7. Usoro n'ozuzu nke synthesizing polyimide adịghị emepụta nnu inorganic, nke bara uru karịsịa maka nkwadebe nke ihe mkpuchi.
8. The dianhydride na diamine dị ka monomers dị mfe sublimate n'okpuru elu agụụ, ya mere ọ dị mfe na-etolite.polyimideihe nkiri na workpieces, karịsịa ngwaọrụ ndị na-ekwekọghị n'elu elu, site vepo ntinye.